dated July 26, 1951: Russell on eliminating human conflict

Mathematician-philosopher and pacifist Bertrand Russell said in an article, ``It is in the nature of man to be in conflict with something. When men fight among themselves, some are victorious, and others defeated. The defeated leave few of their descendants. It follows that the psychology transmitted down tends to be that of the victors. ... Of the contests in which man engages, that with nature is fundamental, and victory in it is essential to mankind's survival. But, in proportion as man masters his environment, his relations with fellowmen become increasingly important, because mastery over nature involves social groups becoming more coherent, technique, men can become richer by cooperating with previous competitors than through aiming to exterminate them. At this stage, the demands of technique require cessation, or at least mitigation, of man warring with man. This is the stage which mankind has now reached. External warfare reflected an internal war in the soul, and it served a purpose so long as there was no source of supply of food adequate for all. But when conquest of nature has made such supply possible, and when growth of technique has made cooperation necessary, the conflict of man with man becomes an anachronism, and it should end in a political and economic unification such as is sought by the advocates of world government.''

Indian Muslims decry Pak. approach

Well-known Muslim leader and organiser of the All-India Muslim Convention, T. M. Zariff declared in Calcutta: ``We strongly object to Pakistan's use of the word `jehad' to camouflage its predatory war moves against India. For Pakistan to do so is a debasement of that sacred word, and it is an insult to Islam itself. The incessant feverish propaganda by Pakistan, and particularly the constant reference to Islamic faith in this connection, has left Indian Muslims as cold and uninterested as, for instance, the incitement made by Pakistan at the time of the police action in Hyderabad. Pakistan has got into the bad habit of calling every act of brigandage `jehad'. The so-called `jehad' in Kashmir in 1947 was pure brigandage, and the chief victims of it were Muslims who lost their property, their lives, and the honour of their women.''

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